On October 30, 1922, Benito Mussolini seized power in Italy after the March on Rome, when fascist pressure forced the government to hand him the reins of the state. He swiftly built a dictatorship, crushing political opposition and taking control of the press. His regime demanded absolute loyalty to the state and glorified aggressive nationalism, setting the stage for persecution, war, and a fateful alliance with Nazi Germany. But behind the image of the all-powerful Duce lay a secret he was desperate to erase.
Years before his rise, Mussolini had been involved with a young beautician who helped finance his early political career and bore him a son. As Mussolini consolidated his power, she vanished from sight. The documents concerning their marriage disappeared. Their son was taken away.
Eventually, she was officially declared insane and locked inside a mental asylum, where she died forgotten. Her name was Ida Dalser. Before the First World War began in July 1914, Benito Mussolini was still a rising socialist journalist, not the future dictator of Italy. A gifted orator and aggressive politician, he edited the socialist newspaper Avanti!
and built a reputation as one of the most radical voices in the Italian socialist movement. Around that time, he met Ida Dalser, a financially independent beautician from the town of Sopramonte, then part of Austria-Hungary. After completing her studies in Paris, Dalser moved to Milan, where she opened an elegant French-style beauty salon called the Eastern Salon of Health and Beauty. Their relationship quickly became intense.
Dalser admired Mussolini’s ambition and political energy, while he relied heavily on her financial and personal support. As Europe moved toward war, Mussolini suddenly abandoned his socialist opposition to the conflict and began calling for Italy to enter the war against Germany and Austria-Hungary. His dramatic political reversal led to his expulsion from the Socialist Party, which branded him a traitor. Determined to continue his political campaign, Mussolini founded his own newspaper, Il Popolo d’Italia.
Dalser sold her beauty salon and invested substantial sums to help finance the project, nearly bankrupting herself. At the same time, Mussolini secretly received financial support from French sources that wanted Italy to enter the war on the side of France and Britain. Dalser later claimed that part of this money had been channeled to Mussolini through intermediaries linked to the French government. The First World War began on July 28, 1914, after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Austria-Hungary.
Although Italy had originally been allied with Germany and Austria-Hungary, the country initially remained neutral. Italian nationalists hoped the war would allow Italy to seize territory controlled by Austria-Hungary, including regions inhabited by many ethnic Italians. In exchange for joining the Allies, Britain and France secretly promised Italy territorial gains after the war. When Italy entered the First World War in May 1915, Mussolini volunteered for military service in the Bersaglieri, an elite light infantry unit of the Italian army.
That same year, Dalser gave birth to their son, Benito Albino. In January 1916, reports indicate that Mussolini acknowledged the child as his own, granting him the Mussolini surname and legally committing himself to provide financial support for Dalser and the boy. From the front, Mussolini sent Dalser affectionate letters full of tenderness and promises for the future. By that time, however, he was already involved with Rachele Guidi.
Guidi had been part of Mussolini’s life for years. The two had met in the city of Forlì before the First World War and remained closely connected for years before Mussolini came to power. In September 1910, Guidi gave birth to their daughter Edda, and she gradually became the woman presented to the public as Mussolini’s legitimate partner. In February 1917, Mussolini was seriously wounded during mortar training behind the front lines and was discharged from the army.
While he was recovering in a hospital in Milan, Dalser arrived to visit him and discovered Rachele Guidi already at his bedside. Enraged, the two women began screaming at each other beside Mussolini’s hospital bed. Guidi shouted that she was the real Signora Mussolini, and the confrontation soon turned into a physical fight while Mussolini lay helpless and unable to move. That clash marked the beginning of the increasing breakdown of Mussolini’s relationship with Dalser.
In December 1919, Dalser returned to her birthplace in Sopramonte and devoted herself entirely to raising young Benito Albino. Two years later, in 1921, Dalser’s sister Adele married Riccardo Paier, who later assumed legal guardianship of the boy after the family moved to the city of Trento. From then on, Mussolini’s son began using the surname Paier instead of Mussolini. On October 30, 1922, Benito Mussolini came to power in Italy after the March on Rome.
As fascist supporters forced the government to hand him power, he quickly established a dictatorship, suppressed political opposition, controlled the press, and promoted aggressive nationalism. His regime emphasized loyalty to the state, militarized society, and pursued expansionist ambitions aimed at restoring Italy’s strength and influence in Europe and beyond. Once Mussolini became dictator of Italy, Dalser found herself increasingly isolated and under surveillance. Fascist authorities imposed restrictions on her movements in an attempt to prevent her from leaving the city of Trento or speaking publicly about her relationship with Mussolini.
In January 1925, Mussolini deposited 100,000 lire into a savings account in the name of Benito Albino, with the boy to receive the money upon reaching adulthood. But Dalser refused to disappear quietly. She continued to insist that she was Mussolini’s first legitimate wife and repeatedly tried to contact him directly. In the mid-1920s, she traveled secretly by train to Rome hoping to meet Mussolini in person, but she was stopped before she could reach the Palazzo Venezia, Mussolini’s headquarters in Rome.
Meanwhile, tensions within the family were growing. Riccardo Paier, who had become the boy’s legal guardian, repeatedly complained about Dalser’s emotional outbursts and wrote several letters to Mussolini’s brother Arnaldo describing the situation. In one letter, he wrote: “Unfortunately, my wife’s sister Dalser, during her hysterical and unstable episodes, has become more annoying and unbearable day by day. I am forced to avoid taking my wife to the countryside in Sopramonte to avoid further conflicts involving that poor woman.
Since I can no longer endure this situation, I have decided to sell the property as the only way to free myself from this terrible burden. ”
In June 1925, Benito Albino was taken from the Paier family after local authorities appointed a new legal guardian loyal to the fascist regime. When police officers arrived to take the boy, he suffered a hysterical fit and had to be subdued with a cloth soaked in ether. From that moment on, Benito Albino remained under strict fascist control.
He was later enrolled in the Royal Italian Navy. Still, he continued to insist that Benito Mussolini was his father. In 1926, Dalser’s situation deteriorated dramatically. After she attempted to approach a government minister visiting Trento to speak publicly about her relationship with Mussolini and the treatment she had received, the police arrested her on orders from Rome.
Dalser was first held in a mental asylum in the town of Pergine Valsugana, then later transferred to the San Clemente mental asylum in Venice. Although she was officially declared mentally disturbed, the justifications for her confinement were flimsy. Nevertheless, she was frequently held in solitary cells, restrained in straitjackets, and subjected to harsh treatments that gradually destroyed her physical and mental health. In 1934, Dalser was briefly transferred to Pergine Valsugana for Christmas and remained there until July 1935, when she escaped and managed to reach her birthplace in Sopramonte.
She was soon recaptured and permanently transferred to the San Clemente asylum in Venice. Ida Dalser was 57 years old when she died of an alleged cerebral hemorrhage on December 3, 1937, inside the San Clemente asylum. Benito Albino also became a target of the regime. He continued to insist that Benito Mussolini was his father, which ended with his confinement in a mental asylum in the town of Mombello near Milan.
According to local historian Carlo Bellò, his admission was presented as voluntary, and the young man was placed in the ward for disturbed patients despite the psychological examination conducted upon his admission. The examination literally stated that the patient was attentive during questioning, his awareness was alert, he was conscious and oriented to place and time, and his memory for distant and recent events was preserved. Like his mother, he was officially described as a danger to himself and to others. Benito Albino Mussolini was 26 years old when he died on August 26, 1942, after undergoing repeated insulin coma treatments.
No written order from Mussolini ordering the end of their lives was ever discovered. But in fascist Italy, where power flowed directly from the Duce himself, it is almost impossible to imagine that the imprisonment and destruction of his alleged wife and son could have happened without his approval. The campaign to erase them from public life bore all the marks of a state operation carried out in Mussolini’s interest and ultimately under his authority. Whether the decision was communicated orally or through trusted intermediaries, it is almost certain that the order to silence them originated at the highest levels of the fascist regime and ultimately from Mussolini himself.
Less than three years after Benito Albino’s death, fascist Italy collapsed as the tide of the Second World War turned against Mussolini and his alliance with Adolf Hitler. On April 28, 1945, Italian partisans captured Benito Mussolini along with his longtime mistress Clara Petacci near the village of Giulino di Mezzegra in northern Italy, and both were shot. The following day, the bodies of Mussolini, Petacci, and several other fascist officials were taken to Piazzale Loreto in Milan, where angry crowds insulted and abused the corpses. The bodies were finally hung upside down from the steel frame of a gas station while civilians gathered below shouted, spat, and threw stones.
The dictator who had spent years destroying the lives of Ida Dalser and their son ultimately met a violent and humiliating end himself. The man who tried to erase them from history could not ultimately escape history’s judgment.